a factor 3–4 below the ITER specifications. This solution, however, limits the tolerable steady-state heat flux to ~1 MW/m 2, i.e. This is due to the higher foreseen irradiation damage level, which requires structural materials (like Eurofer) able to withstand more than 5 dpa of neutron damage. In fact, while the ITER divertor heat removal technology has been adopted, the ITER FW concept has been shown in the past years to be inadequate for EU-DEMO. This work encompasses both the first wall (FW) as well as the divertor. In the present work, the role of plasma facing components protection in driving the EU-DEMO design will be reviewed, focusing on steady-state and, especially, on transients.
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